Asia Pacific peak oil update 2025, consumption 5x higher than production
for 2 dager siden
...om det som opptar ham akkurat nå, etter innfallsmetoden.
Ærlige forsøk på å finne mening i en forvirrende verden, men uten å bli for redd for å ta feil; for som Francis Bacon påpekte:
Truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.
Underinvestment in energy and agriculture are among the biggest economic threats facing the world in 2010, according to [the World Economic Forum's Global Risks study].
From corn to crude, prices for a wide range of commodities are on the rise across the globe, a trend that underscores -- but could also hinder -- a gathering economic recovery.
In recent months, global food prices have been growing at a rate that rivals some of the wildest months of 2008, when food riots erupted across the developing world. Higher prices could be a positive sign that companies are gearing up for a rebound in consumer spending, or the harbinger of a return to the upward spiral that plagued consumers before the recession took hold.
A severe food shortage is on its way, according to well-regarded investor Jim Rogers. Food inventories are the lowest in decades and "[m]any farmers cannot get loans to buy fertilizer now, even though we have big shortages developing," Rogers said on CNBC.
"If farmers were no longer incentivized to feed cows corn, and if we could derail our cannibalistic policy choices that couple food and fuel, we could get a clue as to the actual relationship between food supply and demand," he said, referring to the inflation in corn and soybean prices over the last few years.
Call it the Sophie's Choice of globalization: make middle-class consumers out of the global poor and they create new business, but they deplete resources and damage the environment. Move to conserve resources and protect the planet, and you condemn hundreds of millions of people to life as second-class citizens.Som en kan forvente av et finansmagasin, artikkelen handler om hvordan man kan tjene penger på å følge miljøforskrifter og produsere for de mange som ønsker å ta steget inn i den globale middelklassen... argumenter vi har hørt før, fra økonomer som Galbraith d.y. og Reinert. Overbevisende nok, så langt de går; men det er økonomer vi snakker om her, og jeg er ikke overbevist om at de har klart å fri seg fra myten om infinite substitutability, at Den Hellige Hånd med teknomagi skal trylle fram alternativer til olje og gass (og mere vann, og ...) når vi trenger dem, i de kvanta vi trenger dem.
But it doesn't have to be that way, says C.K. Prahalad, a professor of corporate strategy at the University of Michigan's business school. He's the creator of something like a Grand Unification Theory of Globalization: that environmentalism, development and profitmaking are not only compatible but also interdependent.
Getting governments on board with regulation is important, says Prahalad, but not nearly as much as convincing businesses to stop fretting over the cost of environmental laws. "The industrial system as we have it today cannot deal with another 4 billion people," he says. "What you see is the fairly early stages of the next industrial revolution, and the emerging markets are becoming the laboratory for that."
Conversion ratios for CTL are generally estimated to be between 1-2 barrels/ton coal. This puts a strict limitation on future CTL capacity imposed by future coal production volumes, regardless of other factors such as economics, emissions or environmental concern. Assuming that 10% of world coal production can be diverted to CTL, the contribution to liquid fuel supply will be limited to only a few Mb/d. This prevents CTL from becoming a viable mitigation plan for liquid fuel shortage on a global scale. However, it is still possible for individual nations to derive significant shares of their fuel supply from CTL, but those nations must also have access to equally significant coal production capacities. It is unrealistic to claim that CTL provides a feasible solution to liquid fuels shortages created by peak oil. For the most part, it can only be a minor contributor and must be combined with other strategies.(A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption, min utheving)
The greatest potential for biofuel production within the present agricultural system lies in using inedible fractions such as residues and organic waste, e.g. mould attacked matter and crops of inferior quality. Biogas production has a greater potential than ethanol production since a higher proportion of the residues can be used for energy production. The calculated global potential of biogas production is in theory sufficient to cover up to one fourth of the present consumption of fossil fuels within the global transport sector. However, there are infrastructural challenges with biogas production and distribution, and it is expensive to upgrade to motor fuel quality. Hence biogas could possibly be of better use in other applications than as motor fuel. Its use within agriculture would reduce agriculture’s dependency on fossil energy, improving food security.(Johansson, Liljequist, Ohlander, Aleklett: Agriculture as provider of both food and fuel (PDF!), min utheving)
Fjärde generationens kärnkraftverk kommer att stå klara att användas kommersiellt kring år 2030 om allt går som planerat.
Finanskomiteen på Stortinget vedtok onsdag at de skulle fjerne avgiftsfritaket biodrivstoff, samt at de skal styrke satsningen på miljøteknologi med 40 millioner kroner.
Det er fullt mulig å løse den etiske bekymringen Arbeiderpartiet hevder å ha rundt biodiesel, uten samtidig å slå beina under det beste klimatiltaket vi har i transportsektoren i dag.
Anslagsvis vil globalt areal av dyrkbar mark måtte utvides med 10-35 prosent dersom ti prosent av drivstoffet i transport skal være biologisk [...].
En utvidelse av verdens areal av dyrkbar mark med i størrelsesorden 10-35 prosent vil dessuten ganske sikkert ha flere andre store negative miljøvirkninger. Det vil være helt umulig å forhindre at ikke en del av denne ekspansjonen vil skje i tropisk regnskog. I det hele tatt representerer en så sterk utvidelse av jordbruksarealer en betydelig trussel mot biodiversitet generelt
Eftersom beräkningarna visar att den ätbara jordbruksproduktionen behövs för att föda jordens befolkning, antogs eventuell potential för biodrivmedelsproduktion finnas i användning av skörderester eller mat som förstörts av till exempel mögelangrepp [...] vilket ger biogas som motsvarar en fjärdedel av dagens drivmedelskonsumtion inom den globala transportsektorn. Fördelen med biogasproduktion jämfört med t.ex. etanolproduktion är att resterna från jäsningen innehåller mycket näring och kan återföras till åkern vilket minskar risken för försämring av jordkvalitén.(min uthevelse)
A 2007 United Nations report found forest conversion for palm oil plantations was the country's leading cause of deforestation, with illegal oil palm, illegal logging and illegal land clearances by fire occurring inside 37 of 41 national parks. Leuser, Sumatra's largest rainforest expanse, and one of the last refuges for endangered Sumatran tigers, elephants, orangutan and rhinos, was one of the worst affected, it said.
"The forest is seen as a green tangle with little real use and filled with dangerous animals and diseases," explained Jutta Poetz, Biodiversity Co-ordinator at industry environmental standards body the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).
"If this green tangle can be converted into something profitable, with the dangers largely removed, isn't that good? Plantations will develop the country, create jobs and improve people's lives. This appears to be the prevailing sentiment in Southeast Asia."